Civil Calender and Lunar Calendar in Ancient Egypt by Leo Depuydt (Hardback, 1997) for sale online

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This investigation is concerned with ancient Egyptian calendars. Its specific focus is one of the oldest problems of the study of these calendars: the so-called problem of the month names. This work's main purpose is to suggest an explanation for the Brugsch phemen. The Brugsch phemen is one of the two main aspects of the problem of the month names. The other is the Gardiner phemen. No new theory is presented for the Gardiner phemen. As a problem, the Brugsch phemen is slightly older than the Gardiner Phemen. It has occupied center stage in the study of ancient Egyptian calendars since the early days of this endeavor. In 1870, Heinrich Brugsch, the great pioneer in this subject, wrote about the phemen, Here we encounter all at once the most curious contradiction.Just recently, Rolf Krauss has described the contradiction as still unsolved . The Brugsch phemen concerns the indisputable fact that the last or twelfth month of the Egyptian civil year can be named as if it were the first. Two month names are involved. The first is wp rnpt. Its meaning opener of the year, refers to a beginning. The second month name is mswt r' birth of Re in hieroglyphic Egyptian, Mesore in Aramaic, Greek and Coptic. Both can otherwise also refer to New Year's Day, the quintessential calendrical beginning.