Table Of ContentContents 1 Remnants of History 1 2 Memory 18 3 Belief 40 4 Choice 69 5 Language 95 6 Pleasure 123 7 Things Fall Apart 144 8 True Wisdom 161 Acknowledgments 177 Notes 179 References 187 Index 203
SynopsisHow the accidents of evolution created our quirky, imperfect minds--and what we can do about it. Are we noble in reason? Perfect, in God's image? Far from it, says New York University psychologist Gary Marcus. In this lucid and revealing book, Marcus argues that the mind is not an elegantly designed organ but a kluge, a clumsy, cobbled-together contraption. He unveils a fundamentally new way of looking at the human mind-- think duct tape, not supercomputer--that sheds light on some of the most mysterious aspects of human nature. Taking us on a tour of the fundamental areas of human experience--memory, belief, decision-making, language, and happiness--Marcus reveals the myriad ways our minds fall short. He examines why people often vote against their own interests, why money can't buy happiness, why leaders often stick to bad decisions, and why a sentence like people people left left ties us into knots even though it's only four words long. He also offers surprisingly effective ways to outwit our inner kluge--for example, always consider alternative explanations, make contingency plans, and beware the vivid, personal anecdote. Throughout, he shows how only evolution--haphazard and undirected--could have produced the minds we humans have, while making a brilliant case for the power and usefulness of imperfection., Are we "noble in reason"? Perfect, in God's image? Far from it, says New York University psychologist Gary Marcus. In this lucid and revealing book, Marcus argues that the mind is not an elegantly designed organ but rather a "kluge," a clumsy, cobbled-together contraption. He unveils a fundamentally new way of looking at the human mind -- think duct tape, not supercomputer -- that sheds light on some of the most mysterious aspects of human nature. Taking us on a tour of the fundamental areas of human experience -- memory, belief, decision-making, language, and happiness -- Marcus reveals the myriad ways our minds fall short. He examines why people often vote against their own interests, why money can't buy happiness, why leaders often stick to bad decisions, and why a sentence like "people people left left" ties us in knots even though it's only four words long. Marcus also offers surprisingly effective ways to outwit our inner kluge, for the betterment of ourselves and society. Throughout, he shows how only evolution -- haphazard and undirected -- could have produced the minds we humans have, while making a brilliant case for the power and usefulness of imperfection., A New York University psychologist argues that the mind is a "kluge"a clumsy, cobbled-together contraptionas he ponders the accidents of evolution that caused this structure and what we can do about it.