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FDR's 12 Apostles: The Spies Who Paved The Way For The Invasion Of North Africa by Hal Vaughan (Hardcover, 2006)

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There have been many books on the landings in North Africa, but no author has had command of so much material or has handled it so well. He has woven the complex story of the North African occupation around the activities of the twelve consuls, but his book is much more, not only a readable coverage of a vast enterprise but also the best presentation currently in print.

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Nineteen months before the attack on Pearl Harbor, FDR sent twelve vice consuls to Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia on a secret mission. Their objective? To prepare the groundwork for what eventually became Operation TORCH, the Allied invasion of North Africa that repelled the Nazis and also enabled the liberation of Italy. This spy network included an ex-Cartier jewel salesman and wine merchant, a madcap Harvard anthropologist, a Parisian playboy who ran with Hemingway, ex-French Foreign Legionnaires and Paris bankers, and a WWI hero. Based on recently declassified foreign records, as well as the memoirs of Ridgeway Brewster Knight (one of the twelve apostles ), this fast-paced historical account gives the first behind-the-scenes look at FDR's top-secret plan. .